Fees

Trading fees are necessary to help sustain the protocol over the long term. They are broken out into 3 areas; position fees, funding fees, and borrowing fees.

Position Fees

Position fees are paid when opening, increasing or decreasing a position. They are based on position size and a trading rate that is set per asset as follows:

$$positionFee = posSize \times positionRate[asset]$$

Asset Class	Rate
BTC/ ETH	0.05%
Crypto Alts	0.06%-0.08%

Velocity-based Funding Fees

Innovation is the name of the game, and we've done just that! Traditional funding rates tend to have large downside for traders, who pay volatile funding fees in order to keep their positions healthy. By introducing velocity-based funding fees, Vela Exchange supports market making with a stable and predictable model, while massively reducing fees for traders.

Velocity-based Funding fees are in place to keep open interest balanced while maintaining appeal to market makers. By smoothing out the time it takes to reach the target funding rate, market makers are incentivized to balance OI and the reduce skew. All parties benefit from the resulting stability:

• Traders experience more predictable, reduced funding fees

• LPs benefit from reduced counterparty risk as OI skew becomes balanced

• Market makers and traders can arbitrage on Vela Exchange in order to earn funding fees

How Does it work?

The funding rate is determined by the following variables:

1. targetRate: the funding rate at which an equilibrium would be established (ie: fundingVelocity = 0) given OI and tempMaxRate do not change.

2. tempMaxRate: the highest funding rate possible per asset, it varies with historical asset volatility

3. longBias: ensures that longs pay shorts when OI is balanced by a small percentage. Defaulted to 2.5% for crypto assets and 0% for non-crypto assets.

4. skewRatio: the difference between long and short OI divided by the total OI limit at that time

5. velocityFactor: this determines the velocity at which the funding rate proceeds to the target rate. Defaulted to 24hrs for all assets.

6. volatilityFactor: this is the output of the volatility and therefore risk associated with each asset; it is based on the average true range percent (ATR%) over the past 21d period

7. openInterest (OI): the total amount of all open positions, per asset, per side (long/ short)

8. maxRateFactor: a config parameter for mapping asset volatility to the maximum possible desired funding rate per asset. Defaulted to 0.5% for all assets.

$$skewRatio = \frac{longOI - shortOI}{longLimitOI + shortLimitOI}$$

$$tempMaxRate = maxRateFactor \times volatilityFactor$$

$$targetRate = tempMaxRate * (skewRatio + longBias)$$

$$deltaRate = targetRate - lastRate$$

The funding velocity can be expressed as:

$$\frac{dR}{dt} = \frac{deltaRate}{velocityFactor }$$

Solving for funding rate,$R$, as a function of time, $t$, yields the following:

$$R(t) = targetRate - deltaRate\times e^{(\frac{-t}{velocityFactor})}$$

From this is can be shown (given no changes in OI) that when $t=velocityFactor$ (24 hrs) then $R$ will have moved by approximately 63% of the deltaRate to target. For example assume BTC funding rate is currently 0.001%/h and Bob opens a large BTC long position making the new targetRate = 0.005%/h. If no other trades are made on BTC after this point then 24 hrs later the new fundingRate on BTC will be ~ 63% x (0.005 - 0.001) + 0.001 = 0.00352%/h.

Funding Fees

A funding index (unique to each asset) is introduced which is updated each time a trading event is triggered. It increases/decreases over time based on a positive/negative funding rate as follows:

$$fundingIndex = fundingRate \times (currentTimestamp - lastTimestamp)$$

$$deltaFundingIndex = fundingIndex[current] - fundingIndex[posID]$$

$$fundingFee =\begin{cases} posSize \times deltaFundingIndex/1000000 &\text{if } LONG \\ -posSize \times deltaFundingIndex/1000000 &\text{if } SHORT\end{cases}$$

For example, lets say: the user opens a 100k BTC long position and the current funding index for 15010.

A simple flow for illustration:

1. user calls a function to open a new position which sets fundingIndex[posID] = 15010.

2. user holds position for a few hours at which time they decide to close 80% of their position. Now, due to dynamic conditions with other users opening and closing BTC positions as well as BTC funding rate changing, the funding index for BTC is now 15510.

3. user pays 80% * 100k * (15510 - 15010)/1000000 = $40

Borrow Fees

A borrow fee is implemented to help mitigate/offset the vault's risk of always taking the opposite side of each trade. The borrow fee will be based on the position size as well as the duration, in seconds, the position is held open.

$$borrowFee=posSize\times borrowRate \times duration$$

Borrow rate will be determined per asset by using each assets historical volatility. This is set manually, based on analysis, and will be periodically reviewed and updated to ensure the vault's risk is being managed appropriately.

Asset Risk

We use Average True Range (ATR) over a 21d period to determine an asset's risk to the vault. All fees are automatically and dynamically adjusted according to this percent in order to assign OI and fees.

Mint/ Redeem

Minting VLP incurs a fee of 0.05%. This fee will be waived during the Hyper VLP event.

Spread

This new mechanism will simulate an order book by adding a slippage percentage to each order that is proportional to the vault utilization and position size.

Each index token will have its own slippage factor that will be a function of the tokens historical volatility, that of which is most often correlated to depth of market.

$$deltaPercent = slippageFactor * \frac{2 \times totalOI + posSize}{2 \times vaultTVL}$$

$$executionPrice =\begin{cases} markPrice \times (1 + deltaPercent) &\text{if } LONG \\ markPrice \times (1 - deltaPercent) &\text{if } SHORT\end{cases}$$

Each index token will have its own slippage factor that will be a function of the tokens historical volatility, that of which is most often correlated to depth of market.

Asset	Current Slippage Factor
BTC/USD	100
ETH/USD	100
LTC/USD	200
ADA/USD	200
DOGE/USD	200
SHIB/USD	200
ARB/USD	200
SOL/USD	200
MATIC/USD	200
AVAX/USD	200
ATOM/USD	200
DOT/USD	200
BNB/USD	200
PEPE/USD	400
XRP/USD	200
CRV/USD	150
MKR/USD	200
OP/USD	200
LINK/USD	200
INJ/USD	200
PYTH	400
BONK	400
TIA	400
SEI	400
SUI	400
KAS	400
TAO	400
NEAR	400
W	400
WIF	500
TON	400
FLOKI	400
MEME	400
BOME	500
UNI	300
FTM	300
AAVE	300
GMX	300
STX	300
ORDI	300
ZRO	300
TRX	300
POPCAT	300
POL	200

Slippage

Upon order confirmation of a new position users can also manually enter the max slippage that they are willing to accept as shown in the red box. The order will only execute if the execution price is less than the current mark price plus/minus (if long/short) the slippage percent entered here.

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